Medication Overuse Headache

MOH occurs when medications like over-the-counter analgesics, triptans, or codeine-based drugs are used more than 10-15 days per month over a three-month period.

Symptoms include a dull, persistent headache occurring on more than 15 days per month, often accompanied by nausea, irritability, or difficulty concentrating.

MOH is diagnosed by a healthcare professional based on headache frequency, medication usage patterns, and ruling out other potential causes of chronic headaches.

Medications that can cause MOH include simple analgesics (e.g., paracetamol, ibuprofen), triptans, and codeine-based drugs. Even over-the-counter medications can contribute if overused.

Treatment involves reducing or stopping the overused medication under medical supervision. This can be done through a “cold turkey” approach for simple analgesics or a gradual reduction for codeine-based medications.

Yes, MOH can be prevented by limiting the use of acute pain-relief medications to fewer than 10 days per month and working with a healthcare provider to manage headache triggers and symptoms.

Untreated MOH can lead to worsening headache frequency, increased brain sensitivity, and potential long-term health impacts, including gut health issues.

Recovery from MOH typically takes about two months, during which headache frequency gradually decreases, and the brain’s sensitivity stabilises.

A neurologist, general practitioner or headache practitioner can help diagnose and treat MOH. Psychological support, mindfulness programs, and lifestyle changes can also aid in recovery.